English Language Education A Means Of Liberation And A...

and education in general as a means of liberation and a passport to enter the gateway of prosperity. Also, English language learning is viewed as an opportunity to excel in harsh extraordinary economy and lifestyle through the achievement of self -identity and growth through learning a foreign language. On another note, it is important to mention that political factors such as curfews, road dangers and road blocks, check points, limited funding and shelling in Gaza create challenging obstacles to foreign language learning. Adding to the challenges are social factors, especially those with relevance to females such as gender inequality and early marriages in a tribal society. Palestinian refugees value English education as a means of liberation and a passport to enter the gateway of prosperity. It will be worthwhile to investigate if English language education liberated them and how it influenced their lives in the previous years, especially females. On the other hand, Palestinian re fugees in Syria learn all lessons in Arabic and start French in later stages, while in Lebanon and Jordan refugee camps they learn English subject from the fifth grade. Some projects such as LEAP (Shine, parfà ¨, aspire, and rise) in the refugee camp in Lebanon provide a space and an opportunity for growth for Palestinian refugee youth to enhance their English proficiency, empower their analytical skills, and language capabilities through academic studies, and explore English language learning inShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslittle significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable

Corporate Social Responsibility Of India Essay - 1669 Words

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN INDIA â€Å"Crossing the Bridge from Knowing to doing† Jasleen Kaur Luthra* â€Å"Successful people have a social responsibility to make the world a better place and not just take from it.† Carie Underwood Abstract The 21st century is characterized by unprecedented challenges and opportunities, arising from globalization, the desire for inclusive development and the imperatives of climate change. Indian business, which is today viewed globally as a responsible component of the ascendancy of India, is poised now to take on the leadership role in the challenges of our times. It is recognized, world over that integrating social, environmental and ethical responsibilities into the governance of businesses ensures long tern success, competitiveness and sustainability. This approach also reaffirms the view that businesses are an integral part of society, and have a critical and active role to play in the sustenance and improvement of healthy ecosystems, in fostering social inclusiveness and equity, and in upholding the essentials of ethical practices and good governance. This also improves business sense as companies with effective CSR, have image of socially responsible companies and their products and services are preferred by the customers. 1. Introduction: One of humankind’s greatest challenges in this countryShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility Of India Essay1888 Words   |  8 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility in India - An Effort to Bridge the Welfare Gap Dr.Mahendra Singh Associate Professor and Head department of sociology Madhav University, Pindwara, Sirohi Email Id- mahendrasinghparmar123@gmail.com Abstract Drawing on existing hypothetical and exact writing on the basis behind Corporate Social Obligation (CSR), this paper examinations the potential ramifications of commanded CSR under the as of late sanctioned Companies Act, 2013 in India on firm motivationsRead MoreSocial Accounting Practices in India as a Corporate Social Responsibility†2281 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Social Accounting Practices in India as a Corporate Social Responsibility† soniuttranchal@gmail.com Concept: The concept of Social Accounting originated in different forms by Adam Smith in 1776, Later on, Karl Marks and Engel also expressed their views about social costs in 1844. Pigou in 1920 also elaborated the divergence of Social and Private Costs. The concept of social accounting was clearly introduced in the 1970’s and later this concept received serious consideration fromRead MoreCoca Cola Social Responsibility And Sustainability1742 Words   |  7 PagesCoca-Cola Corporate Social Responsibility and sustainability Berlandie Benoit Professor Altamirano Monroe College: King Graduate School Abstract Large companies like Coca-Cola, have always engaged in corporate social responsibilities. The objective of this paper is to determine whether or not Coca-Cola fulfilled their social responsibilities in India. Coca-Cola had launched their sustainability framework as well as adopting the international Corporate Social Responsibility the Ruggie’s frameworkRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : A Comparative Study Of Sbi And Icici Essay1611 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility: A Comparative Study of SBI and ICICI in India Ms. AnkitaPatel1 1Research scholar, Business Studies Dept., Sardar Patel University AdhyapakSahayak, Anand Law College, Anand-388001, Gujarat, India. Email – 2007ankitapatel@gmail.com Abstract: At present Banking sector plays a significant role in the development of the nation, not only as a pillar of the financial system of the nation but also by contributing toward the society. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)Read MoreThe Second Phase Indian Csr ( 1914-1960 )1363 Words   |  6 Pageswhich was consolidation and amplification of social development. During the whole period of struggle for freedom, Indian businesses proactively engaged in the process of reformation. Not only did firms see the country’s economic development as a protest against colonial rule, they also participated in its institutional and social development (India Partnership Forum 2002, 11). The vision of a free and modern India stimulated the involvement of corporate sector. Gandhi introduced the notion of trusteeshipRead MoreSocial Responsibility And Its Impact On Society1579 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered to be the social responsibility for each and every human being on this planet, therefore sustainability, accountability and transparency of resources became the basic ingredients for social responsibility. Only in 1953, Bowen raised a question â€Å"What responsibility to the Society can business people be reasonably expected to assure† that evaluated the term Corporate Social Responsibility abbreviated as CSR. The CSR in 1966 was then defined as:â€Å"Social responsibility, therefore, refers toRead MoreHow Businesses Can Incorporate Csr Into Their Business Model1619 Words   |  7 Pagesways businesses can incorporate CSR into their business model. Introduction: Many large corporations are taking corporate social responsibility into account and making it a part of their everyday schedule. Over the past decades, there have been increasing concerns for general society that many businesses have little concern for the consumer and they care nothing about the deteriorating social order. But these days’ companies are encouraging employees to volunteer and make a difference in surroundingRead MoreThe Code Of Corporate Social Obligation Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Corporate social obligation is an administration idea whereby organizations incorporate social and natural concerns in their business operations and collaborations with their stakeholders. 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Although, the concept of CSR is not new in India and has evolved and developed very well from hundredsRead MoreComprehensive Health Data Breach Response Plan906 Words   |  4 PagesName Course Title Date Definition Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the ethical behaviour of a company towards society it operates in. It is a commitment to the concern to the society’s sustainability development. â€Å"Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is concerned with the ways in which an organisation exceeds its minimum obligations to stakeholders specified through regulation.† (Johnson et al 2010) CRS in the eyes of some corporates may vary but the underlying principle remains

The End or The Journey free essay sample

The End or The Journey? The Journey Is far greater than the inn. I am a sixteen year old girl. As a child, there is a long journey towards adulthood. There is the pleasure of the journey taken and the joy of the end. Some people may say that the journey is more memorable than the goal. Others may argue that the goals are the most memorable ones. I believe that the Journey a person takes has a more impact on the person. A Journey, by deflation, means a passage or progress from one stage to another. During Journeys, there are obstacles that the Journeyer has to overcome. The road towards my future goal would be able to modify my personality. The journey would allow myself to understand my personality even further. Also, the passage towards my future would grant myself the privilege of discovering who I am. I do not understand myself, but a part of the Journey is discovering what your intentions, dreams, actions, paths are. We will write a custom essay sample on The End or The Journey or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The goal would still be at the end. However, the Journey Is a never-ending adventure. The Initial goal would waiver with each action, decision, made. The future is full of different paths, experiencing the different paths would transform a person into a new being. A person is similar to a caterpillar, a transforming creature. The caterpillar changes from a helpless creature into a powerful butterfly and humans grow with each experience they encounter. For example, each day that goes by, science is evolving by the scientists who encounter new Ideas, experiments, and results. Each day passes with change from within.As a future Is full of different paths, dreams are full of different results and mindsets. In he life Eve experienced so far, Eve been through many dreams and career paths, the journey towards my future is a never-ending experience. My first dream started as an artist during my elementary school days; that ended when I realized there were other people who were more talented In the arts. However, I continued to sketch as a hobby. My second career path was through history as an anthropologist; that career went down the drain because of money Issues.My third dream was a preschool teacher. That dream began with my love for children and Is still a possible career election for my future. My fourth career choice is a petrifaction. Although the choice of continuing school for a long time will probably backfire on me, the desire to help children has kept that dream alive. My fifth dream is to be an accountant, my current dream. All the different dreams Eve had over the years has set myself towards deferent results, but my ever-changing demeanor has confused my end result.The future is unclear and the path Is cloudy, the end Is a mystery and the Journey Is a challenge. People will grow as they move forward. However, there Is no guarantee of growth at the end of the road. The obstacles before a challenger calls for mistakes and growth, not perfection. The end is perfection, but the trek towards the end is full of mistakes, errors, and progress. That is why I believe that the Journey is greater than the goal. The End or The Journey By Cindy The Journey is far greater than the inn. I am a sixteen year old girl. As a child, there is a long Journey towards adulthood.There is the pleasure of the Journey taken and the Joy of the end. Some people may say that the Journey is more memorable than the goal. Others may argue that the A Journey, by definition, means a passage or progress from one stage to another. Towards my future goal would be able to modify my personality. The Journey would dreams, actions, paths are. The goal would still be at the end. However, the Journey is a never-ending adventure. The initial goal would waiver with each action, decision, new ideas, experiments, and results. Each day passes with change from within. As a true is full of different paths, dreams are full of different results and mindsets. In people who were more talented in the arts. However, I continued to sketch as a went down the drain because of money issues. My third dream was a preschool teacher. That dream began with my love for children and is still a possible career towards different results, but my ever-changing demeanor has confused my end result. The future is unclear and the path is cloudy, the end is a mystery and the journey is a challenge. People will grow as they move forward.

Literature Review on Quantum Computing †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Literature Review on Quantum Computing. Answer: Literature Review-Quantum Computing Quantum computing is a complex type of computation that uses quantum-mechanical formula. The idea is still in its infant stage. Realization of quantum computing will result in way faster-processing units than the current binary digital computers; this is because quantum bits can have multiple states (from the superposition of absolute states) compared to binary bits that have only two definite states (ones and zeros). However, scientists are still conducting research to actualize the idea. As of now, the development of quantum computers, which are used in quantum computing, is still in its baby phases with a lot of experiments being carried out by a small number of quantum bits. Several scholars have written on the topic to explain quantum computing applications, its strengths and weaknesses, and the implication it has to the future of computing. Both practical and theoretical research continues with fund from both national governments and the military. Quantum Computing Applications Quantum computing aggregates theories from computer science, quantum physics, and classical information theory. Steane, A. (1998) summarizes the whole concept of quantum theory and the related computer information concept. The realization of the importance of mathematical information and physics has led to new technological developments in the field of quantum physics such as quantum cryptography, teleportation, and quantum error correction. The underlying theme for these applications lies in the concept of superpositioning of quantum states. Cryptography entails the involvement of the quantum states to perform secure transformation of information. The transmission of quantum states to facilitate reliable transmission is called teleportation. Quantum error correction involves preserving coherence when irreversible noise operations are present. These applications make use of both the classical information concept and computer science such as Shannon's theorem, Turing machines, computa tional complexity and error correcting codes. This article also talks about basic quantum ideas like quantum gates, data compression and qubits, teleportation and the no cloning feature. It contains superficial information about quantum cryptography since the idea is still in its infant stages. However, teleportation requires more research to help in its actualization since it is still in its infant stages. The author concludes by addressing potential areas of research in the field of quantum computing. Apart from the complex applications that need great physics and mathematical understanding, quantum computers can be used to perform simple processing tasks but in a faster fashion. According to Leuenberger and Loss, (2001), quantum computers are capable of outperforming the classical computers in searching databases and factoring numbers. It takes advantage of the parallelism of quantum mechanics to search databases quickly. The author also mentions Grovers algorithm which applies superpositioning of single-particle states of quantum physics and Shors algorithm that applies both entanglements of systems comprised of many particles and superpositioning. Recently, Rydberg atoms have been used to implement Grovers algorithm successfully. The author proposes the application of Grovers algorithm over Shors because it utilizes molecular magnets. The article also demonstrates theoretically that the molecular magnets are the ideal candidates for building efficient and dense memory devices. A single molecule can serve a dynamic random access memory. Therefore, quantum computers will be able to achieve processes that users of classic computers cannot fathom in a very small period. However, the concept is still not a reality; it requires more research and resources before it can be actualized. Hassan and Talib (2016) address the fields in computer science in which quantum computers can be used. One application is in quantum cryptography. The channels for transmitting qubits are secure. The protocols require a secured one-time key that heavily encrypts the information to be distributed. The BB84 protocol used for encryption can detect hacking attempts. Another application is quantum algorithms. There are many quantum algorithms. The most popular one is Grovers search algorithm (Leuenberger and Loss, 2001). Search the algorithms have multiple applications in the day to day world of computing. For example, a database search is a common use of such algorithms. Another popular algorithm is that for project scheduling called optimal quantum query algorithm. Quantum computers can also detect and correct classical errors such as bit flips by application of redundant correcting codes. The authors address complexity as the most crucial application in quantum the computing. The abili ty to solve complex theories gives it a huge advantage over classical computing. For example, some scientists have said that quantum Turing machines can be able to solve complex Church Turing problem. Understanding the applications of quantum computing and their benefits first need one to have an insight into the history of computing. Ifrah, Harding, Bellos, and Wood, (2000) write about the advancement in computing phase to the point of applying quantum mechanics. The book talks about the origin of numbers and the history of computations. The authors marvel at the advancement in computing from basic numbering systems to the simple processing of numbers in early computers. The advancement made the first computer users become curious about improving the binary systems to make great achievements in the scientific, technical, and conceptual fields. Similarly, achieving a computer system that is intelligent enough to perform its calculations without human involvement was attributed to be one of the greatest achievements in the history of computing. Therefore, the actualization of complex processes like teleportation will be a huge milestone. There is thus a need to speed up the process of applying quantum mechanics in computing to satisfy scientists curiosity among other reasons. Walther et al., (2005) also try to explain the physics behind quantum computation. He writes that these computations have their basis on the union of quantum logic gates which are capable of processing quantum bits (otherwise referred to as qubits). Briegel and Raussendorf proposed a one-way quantum processing machine that changed the general understanding of quantum computing understanding and the overall perception of quantum physics. This current model requires the qubits to in an initial entangled state. Then, there is a sequence of measurements in each qubit in the cluster as the units move in a classical feedforward fashion. The one-way computer cannot be reversed. The measurement choices and order determine the type of algorithm used for computation. Just like other applications and theories in quantum computing, the use of cluster state is currently under research to identify its feasibility in qubit operations. Strengths and Weaknesses Quantum computation complexity is an over the top exciting new area that touches on foundations of both theoretical computer science and quantum physics.The research before implementation of quantum computing encompasses an analysis of the concepts strengths and weaknesses. Currently, the general idea is that quantum computers are way better than the classical ones. According to Bennett, Bernstein, Brassard, and Vazirani, (1997), quantum computers are way powerful in terms of their processing speed. They can solve discrete logarithms in polynomial time by applying Shors algorithm. There is also prove that relative to a permutation oracle chose uniformly at random. However, Quantum Turing machines cannot solve permutations with the probability of 1. This concept has been proven in this article. According to an article by Zahid Hussain (2016), the best aspect of quantum computers is they are very secure, thus unhackable in regard to theory. They use observer effect, thus if you try to measure the parameter of a micro particle it will alter other as well thus resolving the major issue of communication. Every Attempt to spy on a communication will alter he transmitted message. The major reasons that make the quantum more secure area, firstly the unknown quantum state which can't be copied and thus nobody can take advantage of the unknown state. Secondly, attempts to measure or calculate the quantum state will definitely disturb the system, thus any message intercepted by eavesdroppers or receivers will be infected. Thirdly, if the state of quantum is measured and changed, it can't be reversed to its original state again. The above-mentioned aspect gives power to quantum computation and makes it very safe and secure for eavesdroppers. According to Gruska (2000), very high-level research is required for the quantum information to be standardized for it to be available for the public to use it. Hassan and Talib (2016) try to address the weaknesses and strengths of quantum computing by comparing it to the traditional computing. He summarizes the comparisons in a table. Serial No. Description Classical Computing Quantum Computing 1. Storage of information and representation. Information is stored in binary (0,1). Information is stored in quantum bits (qubits). 2. Information delivery The information can be copied without distributing. Does not support coping with distributing. 3. Information behaviour Information is unidirectional. Information is multidirectional. 4. Security Communication is prone to hacking. Communication cannot be hacked. 5. Noise tolerance Information can be transmitted via a noisy channel. It requires a noiseless channel for communication.. Apart from the comparisons made in the table above, quantum computers are still not a reality, unlike classical computers which have been used over and over. Therefore, people should not be too optimistic on the idea of quantum computing since it might end up disappointing. The applications are mere speculations of what they might achieve. Nobody is sure if they will be able to perform the applications mentioned by the scientists. Another weakness is that quantum computing is prone to inconsistencies due to its perturbation nature. Despite these weaknesses, quantum computing also has a fair share of its strengths. For example, information transmitted via qubits cannot be distorted by noise interferences. Quantum algorithms are designed to speed up decoding processes (Repolles, 2016). The ability to solve complex theories gives it a huge advantage over classical computing. For example, some scientists have said that quantum Turing machines can be able to solve complex Church Turing problem. Future Implications of Quantum Computing The concept of quantum computing is a brilliant one that can result in lots of technological impacts in the future of humanity. According to Hassan and Talib, quantum computing is a sign of changes in the following fields. The first implication would be safer airplanes. The author argues that the jet software that are currently too complex for the classical computers would be easily handled by the quantum computers. A developer of a quantum computer called D-Wave by the name Lockheed Martin has plans to use his machine for this application. Achieving this application will be a huge boost to the air travelling industry. The second implication would be the discovery of distant planets (Knill,2005). Quantum computers will be capable of aggregating and analyzing information collected by the spaceships and the telescopes. Such information will be important in searching for other planets with similar characteristics as planet earth. Another major implication will be a boost in the Gross Do mestic Product (GDP). Personalized advertising can be made possible from information collected and stored by quantum computers (Nielsen and Chuang 2010). This will, in turn, improve consumer spending and therefore improve the countrys GDP. The actualization of quantum computing will be beneficial to the health industry and its search for a cancer solution. It helps to detect the cancers earlier in the patients through the computational models that will help in determining the development process of diseases. Earlier detection of cancers will be huge for the health industry since it will greatly reduce the mortality rate. Meter and Oskin (2006) also address the implications of quantum computing specifically for the computer architecture industry. This article describes the desired speeds and sizes of systems that would make the actualization of quantum computing a reality. Other engineering areas to be looked at are concurrency, network topologies, storage capacity etcetera. The engineering field will have to research more on how to adjust their hardwares to cope up with the fast processing speeds of the quantum computers. Additional investment is thus required in the hardware industry as the research of quantum computing keeps getting closer and closer to actualization (Stepanenko, Trif and Loss, 2008) Methodology Renner, R. (2008) used quantitative analysis to research on the security issues of quantum computing. He also interviewed several computer scientists to find out about how secure the quantum computers will be if actualized. The channels for transmitting qubits are secure. The protocols require a secured one-time key that heavily encrypts the information to be distributed. The BB84 protocol used for encryption can detect hacking attempts (Hassan and Talib, 2016). In addition, the variables in quantum computing concept make the networks and communication channels secure. The qubits cannot be transferred through noisy channels which may be prone to interfering with the communication. Such facts can only be obtained from conducting extensive researches in the internets and also understanding the history of computing. The history helps researchers to identify specific areas to research upon (Ifrah, Harding, Bellos and Wood, (2000). Most of the information on the materials used originate from scientific journals and reports. There are many sources for the future applications of quantum computers. According to Leuenberger and Loss, (2001), information on the algorithms of quantum computers is readily available in computer science journals that are all over the internet. Despite the fact that the journals may slightly differ in details and the specific area of specialization, all point to the common part that quantum computing is still a dream that needs more research. However, there have been positive reports on the building of quantum computers. For example, a developer of a quantum computer called D-Wave by the name Lockheed Martin has plans to use his machine for jet softwares applications. This will contribute hugely to the safety of airplane industry (Steane, 1998). Conclusion In conclusion, there have been breakthroughs in the research for quantum computing such as the building of D-Wave computer by Lockheed Martin (Hassan and Talib, 2016). The future of computing is thus bright considering the amount of effort and resources put in the research for the actualization of quantum computing. The applications of quantum computers include quantum cryptography, ability to solve complex Turing processes, teleportation and many other (Williams, 2010). As much as the application sounds too good, people should not be optimistic about the concept since other scientists claim that it may not be a reality. Similarly, as much as the quantum computers have their strengths in terms of processing speeds and a lot more, they also have major weaknesses. However, we should be hopeful that the theory becomes a reality since its implications show major improvements in the health industry, airfield industry and many more (Obrien, 2007). Finally, quantum computing still needs mor e research; governments should increase their funding to improve the resource for conducting the studies. References Bennett, C. H., DiVincenzo, D. P. (2000). Quantum information and computation. Nature, 404(6775), 247. Bennett, C. H., Bernstein, E., Brassard, G., Vazirani, U. (1997). Strengths and weaknesses of quantum computing. SIAM journal on Computing, 26(5), 1510-1523. Gruska, J. (2000). Descriptional complexity issues in quantum computing. Journal of Automata, Languages and combinatorics, 5(3), 191-218. Hussain, Z., Talib, A. Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantum Computing. Ifrah, G., Harding, E. F., Bellos, D., Wood, S. (2000). The universal history of computing: From the abacus to quantum computing. John Wiley Sons, Inc. Knill, E. (2005). Quantum computing with realistically noisy devices. Nature, 434(7029), 39. Leuenberger, M. N., Loss, D. (2001). Quantum computing in molecular magnets. Nature, 410(6830), 789. Marinescu, D. C., Marinescu, G. M. (2005). Approaching quantum computing (pp. 1-41). Pearson/Prentice Hall. Meter, R. V., Oskin, M. (2006). Architectural implications of quantum computing technologies. ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems (JETC), 2(1), 31-63. Nielsen, M. A., Chuang, I. L. (2010). Quantum computation and quantum information. Cambridge university press. O'brien, J. L. (2007). Optical quantum computing. Science, 318(5856), 1567-1570. Renner, R. (2008). Security of quantum key distribution. International Journal of Quantum Information, 6(01), 1-127. Repolls Rabinad, A. M. (2016). Quantum computing with molecular magnets (Vol. 131). Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza. Steane, A. (1998). Quantum computing. Reports on Progress in Physics, 61(2), 117. Stepanenko, D., Trif, M., Loss, D. (2008). Quantum computing with molecular magnets. Inorganica chimica acta, 361(14-15), 3740-3745. Walther, P., Resch, K. J., Rudolph, T., Schenck, E., Weinfurter, H., Vedral, V., ... Zeilinger, A. (2005). Experimental one-way quantum computing. Nature, 434(7030), 169. Weber, J. R., Koehl, W. F., Varley, J. B., Janotti, A., Buckley, B. B., Van de Walle, C. G., Awschalom, D. D. (2010). Quantum computing with defects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(19), 8513-8518. Williams, C. P. (2010). Explorations in quantum computing. Springer Science Business Media.

Beer, It Does a Body Good.

Beer, It Does a Body Good. On the Grasslands of Africa, the packs of lions turn the grassy feeding ground of the zebra into their slaughterhouse floor. The lions hang back observing the herd. They eye out the old, lame, or very young to maximize their assurance of success. They stay low and out of sight of the zebra, being careful not to be spotted.... Although some zebra will die today, the lions are indirectly assuring that the "herd" of zebras will continue.Darwin believed that by the killing of the weak of a species that the stronger, more vertile of the group would be left. Thus maximizing their ability to feed, multiply, and otherwise function to the maxim of their ability. By the weak zebras dying, they are streamlining the heard and increasing the herds amount of grazing land, not to mention the gene pool being saved from their inferior seed.Just as some in society believe you can take this basic theory and apply it to social issues, a small group as people think we college students can do the same wit h our brains through the mass consumption of alcohol.English: Rose Street Pedestrianised shopping stree...Exactly what is a mass amount? Binge drinking is defined as taking five or more alcoholic drinks in a row. (Wechsler ET al., 1997) A local "Brain Trust" that I asked while doing research for this subject had this to say about this definition of binge/mass consumption of alcohol. " Think this is pre-posterous, this Wechsler person is a real panty waist. How can someone be an expert on the binge drinking if they can't drink more than five beers?"If more than five beers are not a sufficient amount used to define binge drinking? I headed back to Mr. Burton for an answer. As luck would have it Mr. Burton "the local...

President Bush and the Economy essays

President Bush and the Economy essays After September 11th, 2001, the American economy went into a recession. Thousands of people lost jobs in the wake of the devastating attacks. The stock market took a major hit which also caused people to lose money. Today, Americas economy is recovering and showing signs of growth. This can be attributed to the fact that President Bush is improving the American economy. Over the last two years, the American economy has been weak. The national and state economies have suffered great losses and therefore so have working families. Almost every economic measurement is looking down while job loss, unemployment, health care costs, poverty and personal bankruptcies are all up. One year after the end of the recession, millions of unemployed U.S. workers still cannot find jobs. Last year, the Bureau of Labor Statistics showed that Americas workers were facing the biggest job crisis since the Great Depression. Employment has been the main concern among Americans since September 11th. The fact that many people are without jobs has caused many individuals to retire at an early age. It also means that many Americans had to find other ways of supporting their families. Since the beginning of his administration, the President has made many changes that would decrease unemployment and improve many other economic problems in America. Some have succeeded, some have not. The most recent proposal made by the President is an example of one that succeeded. On January 7th, 2003, President Bush announced a growth and jobs plan which was enacted into law immediately. According to the President, this plan would encourage job-creating investment in Americas businesses by ending the double taxation of dividends and giving small businesses incentives to grow. The President also said that the plan would provide help for unemployed Americans, including extending unemployment benefits and creating new re-employment account...

Questions-600-6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questions-600-6 - Essay Example Also, both standards differ on the criteria used in derecognizing receivables in that US standard uses loss of control while the international standard combines loss of control and risk and rewards criteria’s. Recovery losses on prior impairments may be recorded by Walton under iGAAP (Barden et al, 2009). On the other hand, under US GAAP, impairment reversals are not allowed. However, the loan balance after impairment is used as the new basis for the loan. Major differences occur in the methods of valuing inventories. US GAAP allows use of LIFO (last in, First out) inventory valuation method while the international standard does not permit LIFO (Barden et al, 2009). Also, US GAAP allows the costs of spoilage and idle capacity in inventory while iGAAP does not. Lastly, iGAAP allows reversal of write downs, if any, in inventories while UA GAAP does not. 10% profit and loss test- The absolute value of the segments reportable profit loss is 10% or more of the greater of the overall reported profit of all segments reporting profits, or the absolute value of the combined reported losses of all segments reporting losses. To examine whether the reported segments are enough we will test the operating segment revenue without the intersegment sales. The threshold here is 75%. Therefore enough segments are reportable segment revenues ≠¥ 75% consolidated revenues. b) Products costs should be matched with its associated product and revenues just as it is the case of annual reporting (Barden et al, 2009). Period costs are charged to earnings when incurred among interim periods. c) Income tax in interim financial statements should be based on the effective tax rate for the entire year for ordinary earnings (Barden et al, 2009). The effective tax rate combines states and federal income tax rates such as capital gains, foreign tax rates

Two Specific Organizational Forms of Business and the Possible Implica Assignment

Two Specific Organizational Forms of Business and the Possible Implications of the Principal-Agent Problem - Assignment Example Two specific organizational forms are the product-based organizational form and the functional form. The functional form is structured according to different functional departments in the organization, such as the finance, sales, marketing, product development, accounting, and human resources. On the other hand, a product based organizational form is structured according to the organization’s product lines: electronics, appliances, consumer products, and others. A principal-agent relationship is defined as a relationship which â€Å"occurs whenever one person acts in the interests of another† (Garger, 2010, p. 1). As emphasized by McGuigan, Moyer and Harris (2014), the principal-agent model ensues when â€Å"owner-principals hire manager-agents to stand in and conduct their business affairs† (p. 559). Accordingly, â€Å"in a functional organization, the firm is divided into functional divisions, and a division manager has responsibility for a single functionâ₠¬â„¢s activities on behalf of all products. In a product-based organization, the firm is organized into product divisions, and a division manager has responsibility for all functional activities in behalf of a single product† (Besanko, Regibeau, & Rockett, 2005, p. 461). The possible implications of a principal agent relationship in a functional organization versus product-based organizations are summed as follows: (1) measuring profitability in a product-based organization is easier due to the ease of offering incentives according to products; (2) when functions are deemed more significant in a functional organization, the latter is allegedly favored due to the ability to offer and apply incentive sensitivity principle; (3) in the presence of cross-product externalities within functional departments, findings revealed preference for favoring functional organizations due to  the ability of function managers to imbibe externalities in their decision-making processes; and (4) â€Å"diseconomies of span generally favor the functional organization when one product is significantly more important to firm profitability than the other and favors the product organization when one function is significantly more important than the other†.

Medical Microbiology and Immunology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medical Microbiology and Immunology - Essay Example In the U.K, the primary responsible animal for Campylobacteriosis is poultry. Immune defences against the infection can be both innate and adaptive. In most cases, Campylobacter infections are not medically treated. The infection is known to disappear on its own without necessarily having to undergo clinical procedures. However, severe cases are medically dealt with, where antibiotics are used to treat most cases. On the other hand, adaptive immune responses also apply. Frequent occurrences of the infection can cause the body to adapt to the infection and respond to its presence in the body in its own way. In such instances, the body develops its own defence mechanism to tackle Campylobacteriosis. Quite a substantial number of animals can cause Campylobacteriosis. In the case of U.K, poultry ranks number one. In this regard, the primary concern revolves around poultry and poultry products in relation to bacteria entry into the body, infection occurrence, and transmission of the infection. Intestinal tracts of poultry are the common grounds where Campylobacter jejuni bacteria are found (DuPont, 2011, p.307). Entry of the bacteria into the body follows consumption of contaminated or infected products. Since the bacteria can also be found in untreated water, drinking untreated water could also cause the infection. The life cycle of the bacteria primarily depends in the host environment, and is it passed through feces. The transmission of the infection occurs between animals and humans, specifically poultry in the U.K. There are a number of clinical features associated with Campylobacter infections. These are: fever, nausea, vomiting, cramping abdominal pain, and watery and sometimes bloody diarrhoea (DuPont, 2011, p.318). The infection manifests itself in a minimum of two days and a maximum of ten days. The infection can last for a period of up to seven days, with or without treatment. This

The Scandinavian Influence On The English Language English Language Essay

The Scandinavian Influence On The English Language English Language Essay The Viking colonisation of the British Isles had a considerable effect on the English language and vocabulary. Even today, after hundreds of years, we can still see the evidence of Scandinavian influence. This paper deals with the influence of Scandinavian on the English language. The aim of this paper is to show examples and explain the impact of Scandinavian on the English language. 1. Introduction The history of English language is usually divided up into four major periods that can be justified both on the basis of linguistic differences and on the basis of historical events that influenced the later development of English language  [1]  . These periods are Old English (450-1150), Middle English (1150-1500), Early Modern English (1500-1700) and Modern English (1700-present). These years are not strict boundaries but rough approximations. English has been influenced by many languages and one of them is Scandinavian (in the period of OE and ME). Scandinavian loans differ from other loans from the same period because they refer to common, everyday events and objects. Because of its extent, it is one of the most interesting of the foreign influences on the English language. 2. The Scandinavian influence on the English language Their activities began in plunder and ended in conquest. (Baugh and Cable 92) 2.1. Historical background The Viking Age lasted roughly from the middle of the eighth century to the beginning of the eleventh. The Vikings were the Germanic tribes of the Scandinavian Peninsula and Denmark. The reasons for their sudden attacks and voyages are unknown; it is possible that they were of economic or political nature. In their adventures the Swedes established a kingdom in Russia; Norwegians colonized parts of the British Isles, the Faroes, and Iceland, and from there pushed on to Greenland and the coasts of Labrador and Newfoundland; the Danes founded the dukedom of Normandy and finally conquered England (Baugh 92). Vikings conquered large areas of England but were stopped by King Alfred of Wessex. He signed the Treaty of Wedmore (878) with Gunthrum, the Viking leader. The treaty defined the boundary line, running roughly from Chester to London, to the east of which the Vikings were to remain (Berndt 1989: 22). This area was where Danish law and customs were followed and would later be known as the Danelaw. In the beginning of the eleventh century, the Vikings reached the pinnacle of their achievement Cnut, king of Denmark, conquered Norway England and obtained the throne of England (Berndt 23). Viking invasions led to an immigration wave from Scandinavia. Although most of the new inhabitants were Danes, there were also Norwegians and Swedes. The two peoples, the English and the Scandinavian, amalgamated. As is described in Baugh and Cable (98), the Scandinavians intermarried with the English, adopted many of their customs and accepted Christianity. Not much is known about the relation of the two languages. In some places the Scandinavian gave up their language early and in some places Norse was spoken as late as the seventeenth century. It is also highly possible that some of the new inhabitants were bilingual. Old Norse and Old English were similar languages so it is highly probable that the two may even have been mutually intelligible to a limited extent (Baugh and Cable 96) which made the process of borrowing and adoption easier. 2.2. Scandinavian place-names Many places in today England bear Scandinavian names (more than 1,400). These names are notable evidence that the Vikings once settled in England. These places are mostly situated in the district of the Danelaw but are not uniformly distributed (Berndt 22, 64). According to Baugh and Cable (98-99), there are more than 600 places with names ending in -by (such as Whitby, Grimsby). The Scandinavian word by means farm or town; the word can also be seen in by-law (town law). Some 300 place-names end in the Scandinavian word thorp that means village (like Althorp, Bishopsthorpe, Linthorpe). There are almost as much place-names that contain the word thwaite, an isolated piece of land (e.g. Applethwaite, Langthwaite). Around a hundred end in toft, a piece of ground, a messuage (Brimtoft, Nortoft). Even personal names bear witness to the Scandinavian influence. Names with the suffix -son like Stevenson or Johnson are the Scandinavian equivalent of OE patronymic -ing (as in Browning). 2.3. The tests of borrowed words As previously stated, Old English and Old Norse were similar languages; some common words of the two languages were even identical. Therefore, in some cases, it is difficult to determine whether a word in Modern English is native or a borrowed word. However, there are some reliable criteria that help to determine the origin of the word. Baugh and Cable (96-97) enumerate and exemplify three criteria. One of the simplest is (1) the development of the sound sk. In OE, this sound was palatalized to sh (written sc), except in the combination scr while in ON it retained its hard sk sound. So, for example, native words like ship and fish have sh in Modern English, whereas words borrowed from Scandinavian are still pronounced with sk: sky, skin, skill, scrape, whisk. An interesting example is that of the OE word scyrte that became skirt in Modern English, whereas the corresponding ON form skyrta became skirt. The retention of the hard pronunciation of k and g in words such as kid, get, give, and egg indicates Scandinavian origin. Occasionally, (2) the vowel of a word helps to determine the origin. For example, the Germanic diphthong ai became Ä  in OE (Ã…Â  in Modern English) and in ON it became ei or Äâ€Å". Some examples of borrowed words are aye, nay, hale, reindeer and swain. These kinds of tests, based on sound-developments in the two languages, are the most reliable means of distinguishing Scandinavian from native words. Sometimes (3) meaning can help to determine the origin of the word. The Modern English word bloom (flower) could have come from OE blÃ…Â ma or Scandinavian blÃ…Â m. The OE word meant an ingot of iron, whereas the Scandinavian word meant flower, bloom. The ON meaning is the one in ordinary use while the OE word has survived as a term in metallurgy. Another example where meaning helps us to determine the origin of the word is the word gift. In OE this word meant the price of a wife, and thus marriage in the plural, where as the ON word had a more general sense with the meaning of gift, present. 2.4. Scandinavian loanwords Although the Scandinavian loan words began to enter the English language probably at the same time when the Vikings settled down (the period of Old English), the evidence in writing can be found mostly in Middle English texts. The loanwords were recorded long after they came in use because it took some time before they entered the standard English. Baugh and Cable divided the early loanwords (in OE) into two groups. The first group constitute words associated with sea-roving and predatory people (99). The second group is made out of words relating to the law or characteristic of the social and administrative system of Danelaw (99). After the Norman Conquest, most of the words from the second group were replaced by the French terms and thus can no longer be found in Modern English. It was only after the Danes had begun to settle down that Scandinavian words started to enter in greater numbers into language. We cannot divide these words into different domains of thought or experience because Scandinavian loanwords are varied and simple (as opposed to the French or Latin loanwords). They include common, familiar, everyday words. The following list serves only illustrative purposes and is not in any way exhaustive, as there are around 900 Scandinavian words in Modern English. NOUNS axle-tree band bank birth boon booth brink bull calf (of leg) crook dirt down (feathers) dregs egg fellow freckle gait gap girth guess hap husband keel kid law leg link loan mire race reef (of sail) reindeer rift root scab scales score scrap seat sister skill skin skirt sky slaughter snare stack steak swain thrift tidings trust want window ADJECTIVES awkward flat ill loose low meek muggy odd rotten rugged scant seemly sly tattered tight weak VERBS bait bask batten cal cast clip cow crave crawl die droop egg (on) flit gape gasp get give glitter hit kindle lift lug nag raise rake ran-sack rid rive scare scout (an idea) scowl screech snub sprint take thrive thrust As already mentioned, these words are very common and of everyday use. There probably existed words for the same concepts in OE, so the new words could have supplied no real need in the English vocabulary. However, these words made their way into the English as the result of the mixture of two peoples. Scandinavian loanwords are very interesting because they refer to ordinary things and because they retained in the language. As Ruiz Moneva (184) points out, the most important source languages at OE and ME period were Celtic, Latin, French and Scandinavian. But, contrarily to what had happened with the Celts, the Scandinavian influence upon the English language is characterized by its intensity, the great and important areas of the language which were affected (Ruiz Moneva 184). As previously stated, at one time, both languages were used side by side. This situation could have resulted in six different scenarios (Baugh and Cable 99-102; Ruiz Moneva 187-88). (1) If words in the two languages coincided more or less in form and meaning, the modern word stands at the same time for both its English and its Scandinavian ancestors. Some examples are burn, cole, drag, fast, hang, murk(y), scrape, thick. (2) If there were differences in form, the English word often survived. Some examples are bench, goat, heathen, yarn, few, grey, loath, leap, flay. Corresponding Scandinavian forms can often be found in ME literature and in some cases they still exist in dialectal use (e.g. screde, skelle, skere with the hard pronunciation of the initial consonant group; the standard English forms are shred, shell, sheer). (3) In some cases, the Scandinavian word replaced the native word, often after two had long remained in use concurrently. For example, the word awe is of Scandinav ian origin and its cognate eye (aye) was an OE word. In the earlier part of the ME period the English word was more common, but later on (by 1300) the Scandinavian form appeared more often and finally replaced the Old English word. The same happened with the words for egg ey (English) and egg (Scandinavian); words for sister OE sweostor, ON syster; the ON verb take replaced the OE niman. (4) Sometimes, both the English and Scandinavian words survived with a difference of meaning or use (the English word is given first): no-nay, whole-hale, rear-raise, from-fro, craft-skill, hide-skin, sick-ill. (5) Some native words that were not in common use were reinforced or reintroduced from the Scandinavian. Examples are till, dale, rim, blend, run and the Scottish bairn. (6) Finally, the English word might have been modified by taking on some characteristics of the corresponding Scandinavian word. Examples include give and get with their hard g and Thursday instead of the OE ThunresdÃ…â €Å"g. 2.5. Form (grammatical) words Scandinavian words that made their way into English were not only open class words (nouns, adjectives and verbs). The Scandinavian influence extended to grammatical words pronouns, prepositions, adverbs, and even a part of the verb to be. This is not a common case when it comes to borrowing. The pronouns they, their, them are Scandinavian (OE were hÄ «e, hiera, him). Both and same, although they are not pronouns, have pronominal uses and are of Scandinavian origin. Some other examples include the conjunction though, adverbs aloft, athwart, aye (ever) and seemly. One of the most important Scandinavian words in English is the present plural of the verb to be are. The Scandinavian form took place of bÄâ€Å"oth or sind. 2.6. Syntax and grammar Scholars do not agree on the Scandinavian influence on the English syntax. Baugh and Cable (103-105) claim that the Scandinavian influence not only affected the vocabulary but also extended to [] syntax. They admit that it is less capable of exact demonstration, but then conclude that it is hardly to be doubted (103). Kirch (503), on the other hand, argues that all of the previous claims made about the influence of Scandinavian on English syntax are the subject of much controversy. It was considered that these syntactic features originated from Scandinavian: (1) relative clauses without pronouns, (2) the omission of the conjunction that, (3) the use of shall and will in Middle English, (4) the genitive before nouns (Kirch 503). But Kirch (503-510) refutes the quoted features and concludes that the investigation turns up no positive proof of Scandinavian influence on English syntax (510). Berndt does not even mention syntax, so it is possible that he considers that Scandinavian did in fluence it. 3. Conclusion As we have seen, even today, after so many years, we can still see the evidence of Scandinavian influence in English. There are thousands of place-names of Scandinavian origin. Many common and everyday words have Scandinavian origin. We cannot even imagine the English vocabulary without them. What is even more fascinating is that Scandinavian left an imprint on grammatical words and possibly syntax, which is a rare case when it comes to borrowing. It can be concluded that Scandinavian has had significant impact on the development of the English vocabulary.

Labor and Unions in America :: American America History

Labor and Unions in America The Industrial Revolution was dawning in the United States. At Lowell, Massachusetts, the construction of a big cotton mill began in 1821. It was the first of several that would be built there in the next 10 years. The machinery to spin and weave cotton into cloth would be driven by water power. All that the factory owners needed was a dependable supply of labor to tend the machines. As most jobs in cotton factories required neither great strength nor special skills, the owners thought women could do the work as well as or better than men. In addition, they were more compliant. The New England region was home to many young, single farm girls who might be recruited. But would stern New England farmers allow their daughters to work in factories? The great majority of them would not. They believed that sooner or later factory workers would be exploited and would sink into hopeless poverty. Economic "laws" would force them to work harder and harder for less and less pay. THE LOWELL EXPERIMENT How, then, were the factory owners able to recruit farm girls as laborers? They did it by building decent houses in which the girls could live. These houses were supervised by older women who made sure that the girls lived by strict moral standards. The girls were encouraged to go to church, to read, to write and to attend lectures. They saved part of their earnings to help their families at home or to use when they got married. The young factory workers did not earn high wages; the average pay was about $3.50 a week. But in those times, a half-dozen eggs cost five cents and a whole chicken cost 15 cents. The hours worked in the factories were long. Generally, the girls worked 11 to 13 hours a day, six days a week. But most people in the 1830s worked from dawn until dusk, and farm girls were used to getting up early and working until bedtime at nine o'clock. The factory owners at Lowell believed that machines would bring progress as well as profit. Workers and capitalists would both benefit from the wealth created by mass production. For a while, the factory system at Lowell worked very well. The population of the town grew from 200 in 1820 to 30,000 in 1845. But conditions in Lowell's factories had already started to change.

Indentured Servitude DBQ Essay

Due to the end of slavery, the demand for cheap labor in the Americas partnered with multiple peoples willing to leave their home countries to create an influx of indentured servants. These unfortunates, though seeking a better life, often ended up facing awful conditions for the duration of their contract. Document three shows the beginnings of indentured servitude, in a way. This document, a map, shows where all the indentured servants came from, with the two most prominent locations being China and India. Most of them ended up somewhere in the Caribbean, likely to raise cash crops like sugar. There is also a noticeable lack of indentured servants from European countries. This may be due to Europeans being the main ones who hired these servants, and they may not have had their fellow countrymen sign such a contract. It also may be due to racism; all the countries are either Asian or African, places where whites would be few and far between. Document four supports these ideas, with the only origin points the document notes are China, India, and Japan, with over a million indentured servants flowing into the Americas (or South Africa) in this time, most of whom came from India. Document nine shows just how many indentured servants there were. In Mauritius, just Indian indentured servants counted for seventy one percent of the population. That’s a lot. The document doesn’t even list indentured servants from other countries either. With just another nine percent of the population being in indentured servitude, there would be four servants for every truly free member of society in that area. Document six, another chart, shows how slavery and indentured servitude is related. In the early to mid-eighteen hundreds, the amount of former slaves steadily declined, as more and more indentured servants, specifically Indians, came into the country, rising from barely over a thousand in 1835 to almost eighty thousand by 1851, an eight thousand percent increase in just sixteen years. Document eight shows the life of an indentured servant. This document is written in a very â€Å"oh, woe is me† manner, the writer complaining about how terrible his life is. Then again, if I worked fifteen hour days without food breaks, I’d be pretty upset too. While he may be exaggerating to make his  plight seem more dire to the Protector of Immigrants, document seven shows that he may have a legitimate point. While this may not be the contract Ramana signed, I feel it’s safe to assume most of the contracts would be similar to this one, with Sundays off and only seven to ten hours of work on the other days. The document also specifically mentions the pay for those in servitude, with one shilling to grown men, and 2/3 of a shilling to women and minors. While I don’t know how much a shilling is worth, seeing as the servants get shelter, medicine, and three months of rations from whoever hired them, it stands to reason that they would be able to have enough coinage to be able to support themselves. Document five seems to support document eight though, with a European supervisor commanding Indian servants. This image makes indentured servitude look incredibly similar to slavery, especially due to the whip help in the supervisor’s hand. However, this treatment didn’t stop the flood of available immigrants; the same document shows over fifty newly arrived Indians, ready to start their lives in the New World. The final two documents, numbers one and two, show the British take on indentured servitude. Document one defends the idea of slavery, with the author stating that while it isn’t the best route for immigrants, it isn’t nearly as bad as slavery. He goes on to compare it to military service, basically saying that the servants are trained specifically to do their jobs. However, as a prominent British member of Britain’s colonies, it is likely that he owns or profits from indentured servants in some way. He wouldn’t speak out against it if it’s making him money. Document two is considerably more blunt, speaking of the need for foreign labor to turn a profit. The writer of this document seems to believe he’s far above indentured servants, as he talks of them as nothing more than resources, not actual people. He goes on to say how they’ll need more of servants as time goes on. The dispassionate and unattached way he speaks of the servants is profound; in fact, it’s almost as if he’s talking about how much coal one would need to keep a factory running. One missing document I would’ve liked would be from a former indentured servant, five to ten years after he was released from his contract. It would be interesting to see how they did in the New World once they were free. Another document I would’ve liked is one from one of the ship captains who transport the servants, comparing life he saw in their home countries to the lives they’d experience  in their new homes.

Expert Interview with Jerry Bernhart About Digital Marketing

Expert Interview with Jerry Bernhart About Digital Marketing Jerry Bernhart, Digital and Multichannel Marketing Recruiter of Bernhart Associates Executive Search, LLC, is also the author of Careers in eCommerce and Digital Marketing. He is one of the industry’s leaders and has an acute understanding of the field, which adds to his expertise. Jerry talked with us about hiring trends, digital marketing and the changing market, along with some tips for the job seeker. He shares valuable advice to anyone looking into the digital marketing field. Are there any important factors/trends in hiring that job candidates should know but often overlook?Many digital marketing candidates who are just getting into the field want to be all things to all people. You can’t know it all, and most of the search assignments I receive from employers who are looking for more junior-level talent have a specific need or a specific business problem to solve. They should try to specialize in one thing, get really good at it and then start thinking about addi ng to their knowledge base.How did you get into this niche of recruiting?I started out as a recruiter in direct marketing some 25 years ago. Moving into digital marketing and eCommerce was a natural transition for me because it’s all about marketing direct to the consumer.What are employers really looking for?Companies have never faced so much uncertainty and risk. In the space of only a few months, they can slip from market leader to follower. The ability to deal with major changes in the workplace, complete projects with very little direction, endure stress, handle multiple priorities – these are among the competencies that employers look for in all professionals, regardless of the industry they’re in. But this applies especially to digital marketing. What might have been considered a crazy idea one day might be the next day’s most anticipated experiment. Companies can test new ideas and try out new features on websites and get almost instantaneous resu lts. All businesses want their marketers to be adaptable, but in digital marketing that’s especially important because the only thing that doesn’t change is†¦well, change. Expect change to be the norm. Learn to adapt and you will stay a step ahead.What advice do you have for the frustrated job seeker?Network, network, network! One of the beauties of digital technology is that candidates these days have many more avenues for networking than their predecessors did just five years ago. Also, be open when it comes to location. There are plenty of excellent opportunities in places outside of the major metro areas. If you limit your search to a specific geographic area, expect fewer opportunities.How has the job market changed over the past 10 years or so, and where do you see it going in the next few years?The hiring process has been stretched out a lot. Ten years ago, my average search, from the initial call from the employer to the candidate’s first day on the job, usually didn’t last more than two months. Now, three months is the norm. Part of that is because employers have become much more selective. Many are looking for that â€Å"purple squirrel,† and some would just as soon let a position remain empty if they can’t find it.What does a digital marketing job candidate need to stand out?Attitude is number one. Employers want to hire a candidate who is going to be self-motivated. You can have all the skills in the world, but if you don’t show passion or enthusiasm, you won’t get very far!How should a candidate handle multiple job offers?It’s difficult to give a blanket response to that. Depends on the offers, depends on the timing, depends on a lot of things. Everyone’s situation is different. But multiple offers are a good thing because it gives you a choice. You need to have good negotiation skills to navigate through them. I take a very dim view towards accepting counter-offers.How hav e you seen the role of women in this industry change?It’s changed a great deal. In digital marketing in general, I work with as many women now as I do with men, although men still dominate the more senior-level eCommerce roles. I’m placing more women into technical positions than I ever have before, and they’re also representing an increasing percentage of the candidates I place in the corner office, like VPs and CMOs. In fact, I’ve placed TWO women into CMO roles just this year, more than during any year in the past!

Free Essays on Colonial Development In Virginia And New England

After the discovery of a â€Å"New World†, people flocked to America for a new life. There were different reasons for everyone: power, religion, money, independence, change. Regardless of their intention, each person who emigrated during this time shared a common vision. America was a land of opportunity. Even the knowledge of Native American presence didn’t stop the Europeans from viewing this land as a blank canvas where their future could be whatever they made of it. The colonists of Virginia and New England may have come from a common area but their motives would prove to be very different, the Virginians driven by profit and the Puritans by religion. When Jamestown was founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company, the Indian people were there to greet them. Powhatan, the leader of the native peoples’ confederacy, had already seen disease and conflict brought to the area with Spanish colonization and so was skeptical of the newcomers. Even still, he had high hopes for trade with the English and a chance for an alliance. Unfortunately, the colonist had something else in mind. They took advantage of the Native Americans’ generosity by plundering Indian villages and waging war against them. In 1613, they captured Pocahontas who, despite the promise of return, would never see her native land again. She would end up marrying John Rolfe and dying before she could reach her father again. Devastated, Powhatan stepped down as his people’s leader and passed away shortly after. This would be a major victory against the Indian people for the English and allow for easier expansion of the colony. The New England settlers had similar relations with the Native Americans. Arriving by way of the Mayflower in 1620, the Separatists, now known as the Pilgrims, were quickly weakened by sickness. Like the Virginians, these colonists would not have survived without the Wampanoags and Algonquian Indians’ assistance. They exchanged ï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Colonial Development In Virginia And New England Free Essays on Colonial Development In Virginia And New England After the discovery of a â€Å"New World†, people flocked to America for a new life. There were different reasons for everyone: power, religion, money, independence, change. Regardless of their intention, each person who emigrated during this time shared a common vision. America was a land of opportunity. Even the knowledge of Native American presence didn’t stop the Europeans from viewing this land as a blank canvas where their future could be whatever they made of it. The colonists of Virginia and New England may have come from a common area but their motives would prove to be very different, the Virginians driven by profit and the Puritans by religion. When Jamestown was founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company, the Indian people were there to greet them. Powhatan, the leader of the native peoples’ confederacy, had already seen disease and conflict brought to the area with Spanish colonization and so was skeptical of the newcomers. Even still, he had high hopes for trade with the English and a chance for an alliance. Unfortunately, the colonist had something else in mind. They took advantage of the Native Americans’ generosity by plundering Indian villages and waging war against them. In 1613, they captured Pocahontas who, despite the promise of return, would never see her native land again. She would end up marrying John Rolfe and dying before she could reach her father again. Devastated, Powhatan stepped down as his people’s leader and passed away shortly after. This would be a major victory against the Indian people for the English and allow for easier expansion of the colony. The New England settlers had similar relations with the Native Americans. Arriving by way of the Mayflower in 1620, the Separatists, now known as the Pilgrims, were quickly weakened by sickness. Like the Virginians, these colonists would not have survived without the Wampanoags and Algonquian Indians’ assistance. They exchanged ï ¿ ½...

The various forms of market structure Research Paper

The various forms of market structure - Research Paper Example In many cases, there can be the entry of an alike product but the title of the product and the packaging styles would have set the original product a way long higher than the reach of new comers. Ammunition suppliers and nuclear dealers are examples of monopoly in every country. ‘Microsoft’ is the largest name in monopoly of computer science and services. Italian and Indian governments have their monopoly in tobacco products. Mostly all the narcotic drug deals are associated with certain government monopolies. Railways of India and Russia and many high-end road tracks are now monopolies of concerned governments. In all these cases, one perfect seller is found to have the authority to occupy and decide on the sales of the product. Thus it seals the possibility of any competitive entry. Oligopoly is an inter-related marketing system maintained by a group of sellers of the same product or service (ibid: 178). Oligopoly frames a formal agreement among the members of the group in order to regulate the decisions regarding production and supply of product under trade in such way that each member is equally benefited from the market share. This system facilitates clear awareness of each member about what is going around with other members. The strategies and decisions are commonly taken for profit maximization conditions. The oligopoly is formed by high end sellers of the same product; therefore their union restricts the entry of infant sellers in the market. Interdependence, product differentiation and perfect knowledge are added advantages of an oligopoly. Almost all the large enterprises operating for product sales and consumer services are associates of oligopolies. Petroleum products, airlines and telecommunication services are examples of oligopolies. Verizon, AT&T Sprint Nextel, and T-Mobile are cellular giants of American oligopoly. While OPEC is the largest holder of petroleum products,

Are robots to blame for job polarization Research Paper

Are robots to blame for job polarization - Research Paper Example This fact has become a common concern. It was revealed that such a change is caused by a number of factors, among which there are: globalization, active and open trade, change in legislation and, the first and the outmost – the development of technology. â€Å"Such a decline had implications for the distribution of incomes. Labor income is more evenly distributed across U.S. households than capital income, while a disproportionately large share of capital income accrues to the top income households. As the share that is more evenly distributed declined and the share that is more concentrated at the top rose, total income became less evenly distributed and more concentrated at the top. As a result, total income inequality rose† (Jacobson and Occhino, 2012). That machines are able to replace living personnel, is a well-known fact. Many scientists state that rapid technological progress destroys workplaces much quicker, than creates new jobs. This causes the growth of ineq uality in the United States. Such situation occurs in other developed states as well. This is disturbing news as it undermines the belief in technological progress. Technologies are still considered to be a tool that increases the productivity and makes the society richer, but it has a dark side at the same time: technical progress destroys the need for many types of labor and put the average worker in the worst conditions than before. Innovations have never come so quickly, the median income is falling, and there are fewer workplaces. People cannot keep up with technologies, which are being improved so quickly that employees’ skills and organizational structures can’t keep up with the pace. The examples of how digital technologies threaten workplaces can be found everywhere. Automates have been applied in different production areas already for many years. Today in the United States and China fewer people than in 1997 are engaged in production due to automation. Automo bile plants

Paul is an Artist of International Fame Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Paul is an Artist of International Fame - Essay Example He will be with us in Houston, for two days. The conference venue is at Richmond.† On the conclusion of the first day of the seminar, at my insistence, Paul uncle gives a brief introduction about his art. â€Å"The sponsoring UNO agency has made all the arrangements for my boarding and lodging. I dislike the ambiance of staying in a 5 Star hotel. I eat simple home food. I live with my three children and we have an ancestral house in a two-acre plot in the suburbs of Port-au-Prince.† â€Å"My children are married, and we live as a joint family. My two sons are not interested in this vocation and the eldest one takes a limited interest in this art which is full of intricacies.† But in general, Paul gives lots of information on the copper-art and the present condition of art in Haiti. â€Å"Many traditional art-forms of Haiti are dying a slow death with no appreciation of genuine art and lack-luster approach of the Government authorities. Materialistic civilization has impacted life in all the segments of life. People have lost love for art. By pursuing this as art as a vocation, it is difficult to eke out a living†¦.my children are right perhaps to pursue alternative careers, where there is money. My second son has already migrated to Australia. † I visit him after 5 years. His house is on a hillock in the distant suburbs of Haiti. He has problems in recognizing me but with the mention of â€Å"Houston,† he embraces me. We speak a lot about Haiti art and his copper plates and pitchers in particular. He shows some of his centuries-old family collections of pitchers. When I tell him that â€Å"Traditional Art of Haiti† is one of the subjects that I teach at the college level, he is greatly fascinated.   

Collapse of Kingfisher Airlines Essay Example for Free

Collapse of Kingfisher Airlines Essay Kingfisher , Sony and Kodak have one thing in common . i.e. They are finding it difficult to reinvent themselves. They are trying hard to be a phoenix but will they truly rise from the ashes or simply fade away is the real question. Let us take the issue of Kingfisher here. One of Indias most high profile airlines few years back , now in shambles. It is really interesting to ponder that in same market scenario, one of the competitors of Kingfisher is flying high and high. Yes, Indigo Airlines is the most profitable airlines in India. The question is the difference between discipline or grandeur. What makes one company succeed, while another, in the same operating environment, falter? One of the reason is Mr. ( or Dr. in which degree?) Vijay Mallya flamboyant nature. Kingfisher was launched as an all-economy, single-class configuration aircraft with food and entertainment systems. After about a year of operations, the airline suddenly shifted its focus to luxury. When an airline keeps changing its model and takes to random expansion, there is no time for the airline to stabilize. After Kingfisher’s plunge into luxury came its next folly—a merger with Air Deccan, an airline formed by Captain G R Gopinath in 2003. I believe the fall of Kingfisher airlines started the very day when they bought Air Deccan. Capt. Gopinath , the owner of Air Deccan can be termed as shrewd but smart investor who knew when to part with his investment , just at the right time. The all-economy configuration of Air Deccan was rebranded and called Kingfisher Red, which continued to operate as its low-cost wing till recently. Kingfisher ended up spending Rs 550 crore on an airline that had losses of over Rs 550 crore. It is widely believed that Kingfisher merged itself with Air Deccan so that it could classify as an airline with five years of domestic flying in 2008, thus fulfilling requirements to fly international routes. The fact that Jet had meanwhile swallowed Air Sahara didn’t help, fuelling a competitive race to be the biggest airline around. Essentially, jet fuel prices began to sky-rocket and soon touched $150. Then came the 2008 recession that made fundamentals in the airline industry worse, which is when the airline launched its international operations. Some companies just fail to learn—either from the examples that its peers may have set for the industry, or from its own past mistakes. Now, Kingfisher has decided to change its model yet again—discontinuing its Kingfisher Red brand and completely converting its fleet to a dual class, full-service configuration. Kingfisher was gifted to Mr . Sidhartha Mallya by his father on his birthday i.e. a Near Zero experience in running a company and the later CEOs appointed by Mr . Mallya couldn’t bring any significant result too . His over indulgence in petty things like parties and Kingfisher Calendar also lead to inadequacies in his finances. .IPL is also one of the reason for Kingfisher downfall because it is known that many of the money was diverted to IPL from Kingfisher airlines, resulting which they defaulted in Loans and recently became a NPA (non performing asset) to its leading bankers like SBI . The lack of trust was shown recently when Mr Mallya asked the government of India to bail him out. The new minister Mr. Ajit Singh clearly told that the Government will not bail out private airline because Air India is itself in need to bail out. I personally feel that Mr Ajit singh made a good decision because When Kingfisher doesn’t give public anything in return of its profit , then why is it asking for Public hard earned money ( income tax money) to bail him out. The lack of management and top of it the soaring petrol prices, the airport charges added to Kingfishers humiliation. Frequent cancellation of flights , nonpayment to employees, rude staff laid the ground for Kingfishers grave. Kingfisher reputation took a beating when it was known that employees tax were not submitted to government on time since the last three years! Government of India also freezed 40 Kingfisher’s bank account. Latest news is that Kingfisher employees have been not paid three months salary. We all know how we feel when our salary is delayed by a day, imagine what happens to them when they are not getting salary for last three months. How do you expect the employees to keep a smiling face to its customers when they themselves are crying . A company which forgots its employees, is also soon forgotten. A classic example is Kingfisher airlines. Mr Mallya had to sell 49% of his ownership of Force India( F1 car) to Mr Subrato Roy to get kingfisher going ( owner of ailing airline Air Sahara , years back) , but it too failed to save the airlines from tatters. I still have hope from Mr Mallya that he will refrain from over indulgence and concentrate on his fragile business. It’s time he and his son become responsible and start this company from scratch instead of late night parties and IPL and took inspiration from Indigo airlines who proudly claimed themselves as Low cost airline and exceeding the customers delight in every way they can.

The Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

The Scarlet Letter According to the New England Primer, a basic textbook used during Puritan times, in Adam’s fall, â€Å"we sinned all†. This quote very much applies to Nathaniel Hawthorne’s characters in The Scarlet Letter. The main characters, Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, and the Puritan society represented by the townspeople, all sinned. This story is a study of the effects of sin on the hearts and minds of Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth. Sin strengthens Hester, humanizes Dimmesdale, and turns Chillingworth into a demon. Hester Prynne's sin was adultery. This sin was regarded very seriously by the Puritans, and was often punished by death. Hester’s punishment was to endure a public shaming on a scaffold for three hours and wear a scarlet letter â€Å"A† on her chest for the rest of her life in the town. Although Hawthorne does not pardon Hester’s sin, he takes it less serious than those of Dimmesdale and Chillingworth. Hester’s sin was a sin of passion. This sin was openly acknowledged as she wore the â€Å"A† on her chest. She did not deliberately mean to commit her sin or mean to hurt others. Hester’s sin is that her passions and love were of more importance to her than the Puritan moral code. This is shown when she says to Dimmesdale, â€Å"What we did had a consecration of its own. We felt it so! We said so to each other!†(Hawthorn pg. 48) Hester fully acknowledged her guilt and displayed it with pride to the world. This was obvious by the way she displayed the scarlet letter. It was elaborately designed as if to show Hester was proud. Hester is indeed a sinner, adultery is no light matter, even today. On the other hand, her sin has brought her not evil, but good. Her charity to the poor, her comfort to the broken-hearted, he unquestionable presence in times of trouble are all direct results of her quest for repentance. Her salvation also lies in the truth. She tells Dimmesdale of Chillingworth’s real identity, keeping it a secret before, to aid in her salvation. Her pursuit in telling the truth is evident in the lines, In all things else, I have striven to be true! Truth was the one virtue which I might have held fast, and did hold fast, through all extremity save when thy good--the life--they fame--were put in question! But a lie is never good, even though death threaten the other side! Even though Hester’s sin is the one the book is titled after and centered around, it is not nearly the worst sin committed.

Everybodys All American :: essays research papers

Everybody’s All-American is the story of a famous football player who becomes an overweight middle-aged has-been. Gavin "the Gray Ghost" Gray is a legendary college football player who marries his homecoming queen sweetheart and embarks on a professional career full of difficulties. â€Å"The Gray Ghost† is a Louisiana football legend. There had never been a better, faster ball player, and everyone knows the hero is headed for pro football. To no one's surprise, Gavin marries his sweetheart, beauty queen â€Å"Babs.† He is a first-draft pick in the pros, as expected, and soon after that, the two begin their family. I was especially interested in this movie because I am, myself, a college athlete. This movie brought out the importance of having a life and goals other than playing a professional sport. Too many young athletes these days have unrealistic goals of going to the pros, while in actuality the chances of them doing so are next to impossible. Many athletes are in college just to play their sport, and do not care about their academic performance. Eventually, the limelight will fade and professional athletes will become has-beens left to reminisce about their â€Å"glory days.† Often in college, athletes will do just enough to get by and not care about what their academic performance means. Unfortunately, especially in some larger schools, preferential treatment for athletes does exist among the faculty. This also gives athletes the advantage at the time, but hurts them in the long run. In the movie, the ideal marriage of Gavin and Babs begins to come apart, when Gavin cannot deal with the loss of the glory he had in his youth.

The Negotiation Strategies In International Business Commerce Essay

In concern relationships, parties negotiate because they think they can act upon the procedure in such a manner that they can acquire a better trade than merely accepting or rejecting what the other party is offering. Ghauri ( 2003 ) says concern dialogue is a voluntary procedure of spring and take where both parties modify their offers and outlooks in order to come closer to each other. In literature, sometimes â€Å" bargaining † and â€Å" dialogue † are used interchangeably. Negotiation, besides called â€Å" integrative bargaining † , refers to win-win dialogue where both or all parties involved can stop up with every bit good or attractive results. In other words, everyone can win. It is more related to a problem-solving attack, where both parties involved perceive the procedure of dialogue as a procedure to happen a solution to a common job. In integrative bargaining nevertheless, if dialogues are non decently handled, both parties can stop up with a jointly inferior trade. With dialogue, it is possible for both parties to accomplish their aims and one party ‘s addition is non dependent upon the other party ‘s grant. Business dialogue is considered by many writers as being this type of dialogue. The power/dependence relation is another basic feature of all dialogue processes. It is closely related to the existent power relation, which is influenced by the value of the relationship to the parties and their available options. Background factors for illustration the market place – can act upon the power/dependence relation. The ability to command a relationship is related to the sensed power of two parties, their comparative expertness and entree to information. This power is a belongings of the relationship and non an property of the histrion ; in fact, it is closely related to dependance. Therefore, the power relationship is in balance if both parties perceive equal power. The power relationship is imbalanced if one of the parties perceives more power, or if one party is dependent on the other. The dramatic growing of international trade over the last five decennaries has been non merely in footings of volume but in complexness every bit good. International sellers are now more and more concern negotiants, who invariably discuss trades across boundary lines with a assortment of people, runing from consumers to mediators and even rivals. Technology frequently plays a major function in such trades and this could misdirect people into believing that the whole dialogue procedure is chiefly an applied scientists ‘ treatment based on rational and scientific facts. In fact, proficient complexness intermingles with human complexness to render such dialogue processes hard to pull off. A considerable sum of literature is available on dialogues, some of it besides on concern dialogues but the field of international concern dialogues is rather neglected. Strategic Negotiations. Richard Walton etal,1994 identify three primary dialogues schemes. These are â€Å" forcing, † â€Å" fosterage, † and â€Å" flight. † Each represents an overarching form of interaction that characterizes the dialogues. A scheme does non emerge all at one time, but over clip as a consequence of consistent forms of interaction. A forcing scheme by and large involves taking a â€Å" distributive † or win/lose attack to the dialogues, combined with a â€Å" divide and conquer † attack to internal dealingss in the other side, and an attitudinal attack that emphasizes uncertainness and misgiving. By contrast, a fosterage scheme by and large involves taking an â€Å" integrative † or win/win attack to the dialogues, combined with a â€Å" consensus † attack to internal dealingss in both sides, and an attitudinal attack that emphasizes openness and apprehension. â€Å" Escape † is a non-negotiations scheme in w hich one or more parties seek to stop or undersell the relationship. Dietmeyer and Kaplan ( 2004 ) utilize a research-based attack to dialogue that assists gross revenues professionals in making their ain concern ends, while guaranting that their clients run into budget and professional aims as well-going beyond win-win to accomplish true, mensurable concern value for all parties at the negociating tabular array. Power and Diplomacy Power. Susan Strange ( 1998 ) brings out that power accrues to those who can offer or deny security ; those who manage the creative activity of wealth by production ; those who create recognition to let or deny other people to pass today and pay back tomorrow ; those who ( myocardial infarction ) manage the currency in which recognition is denominated ; those who have knowledge ( advanced engineering ) which provides military high quality and laterality in other power constructions. John De La Mothe ( 2002 ) , argues that scientific discipline, engineering and invention have long been cardinal factors in the competitory advantage of states. Today, nevertheless, the new international political economic system is being progressively driven by scientific discipline and engineering in new ways. Integration, globalisation and internationalisation have all become war cries for a series of dynamic procedures in which scientific discipline and engineering are profoundly concerned. As a conse quence, non merely are the policies of â€Å" national † authoritiess being exposed in footings of the bounds of their sovereignty, but scientific discipline and engineering are being progressively implicated in a broad array of public issues – runing from security, privateness, development and economic growing to employment, environment, foreign policy and geopolitics. Clearly, in today ‘s rising universe, the ways in which authoritiess organize their scientific discipline and engineering policy, their scientific discipline and engineering intelligence, and their research advisory constructions and resources matter more today than of all time before. Diplomacy. James Rosenau was one of the first to propose that the domestic and international are someway ‘linked ‘ and elaborated upon what he termed ‘linkage political relations ‘ ( 1969 ) . Scholars concentrating on the regional impact of domestic political relations are Karl Deutsch ( 1957 ) and Ernst Haas ( 1958 ) . Haas high spots two types of ‘spillover. ‘ The first type, functional spillover, occurs when cooperation in certain sectors of the economic system ( or society ) creates technocratic force per unit area for cooperation in bordering sectors, thereby impeling integrating frontward. The 2nd type, political spillover, occurs when ongoing cooperation in certain countries empowers supranational functionaries to move as informal political enterprisers in other countries. In order to pull off complex technocratic issues more efficaciously, rational authoritiess must depute discretion to experts, Judgess and administrative officials, thereby making powerful new supranational histrions with an involvement in cooperation. Graham Allison in Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis ( 1971 ) excessively, speaks of an ‘overlap ‘ between international and domestic political relations. In State Power and the Structure of International Trade, Krasner argues that that openness in the universe economic system is most likely to happen â€Å" during periods when a hegemonic province is in its dominance † . Equally long as the province ‘s technological lead is increasing, its leading will comprehend economic advantages to openness, since openness will spread out markets for the merchandises of its technologically sophisticated industries. The hegemon will besides derive politically, since the â€Å" chance costs of closing † will be low, comparative to those confronting smaller and poorer provinces. Conversely, when several big, unevenly developed provinces coexist, Krasner predicts that the more backward provinces will happen openness economically and politically dearly-won and will therefore resist it. Greater trade closing will, hence, consequence ( Keohane 1997 ) . Like Gilpin before him, Krasner excessively stresses on the influence of the Ã¢â‚¬Ë œ strength ‘ of the province on international trade. The important point is the correlativity between what occurs within a province is related to what occurs beyond province boundaries. Robert Putnam in Diplomacy and Domestic Politicss: The Logic of Two Level Games ( 1988 ) argues that domestic constructions and diplomatic negotiations are endlessly entangled and says that the negotiant is under force per unit area to accommodate domestic and international struggles. Putnam ‘s work challenges the ‘level of analysis ‘ attack to analyzing international dealingss which stresses the importance of sorting informations under three bunchs: the systemic, national and the person ( Singer 1961 ) . Mayer ( 1991 ) develops a theoretical account to research the deductions of domestic political divisions for international strategic battle in international trade. He explores the topic by handling international trade as a game and placing the participants and analyzing how they play. The observation that there are several overlapping games being played, a few of them being strategic and others non, is important. Policies such as duty, quotas, and export and produc tion subsidies are the tools used by the participants to derive an advantage in the international strategic trade game ( Krugman 1986 ) . Work on ‘strategic trade policy ‘ physiques on game theoretical theoretical accounts which analyse how provinces use trade policies to leverage their economic public presentation. India and Nanotechnology ( The literature study included, amongst others, a perusing of one-year studies of GOI MOD, DST, CSIR, TIFAC, CII ; back issues ( app 3years ) of Business universe, New Scientist, Hindu Businessline and Business Today. ) GOI enterprises include DST launched Nano Science and Technology Initiative ( NSTI ) with an allotment of Rs. 1000 crore, Government has spent about Rs. 250 crore, over the past five old ages to advance R & A ; D in the country of nanotechnology. 100 research undertakings on the synthesis and assembly of ceramic nanoparticles, nano tubings, nano wires, nanoporous solids, and DNA french friess have been supported by the Government. CII Enterprises have resulted in ; India-UK Joint Economic and Trade Cooperation, Indo-US High Technology Cooperation Group ( HTCG ) , Nanotechnology partnership with Taiwan, a figure of Nanotechnology Conclaves, Nanotechnology Cluster-CMTI, Jharkhand Nanotechnology Initiative, West Bengal Nano Park etc. CII is working closely with the Government of India on US India High-Technology Cooperation Group ( HTCG ) formed on November 2002. The HTCG acts to ease and advance bilateral high-technology trade. The focal point countries of the nucleus group include Information Technology, Defense, Life Sciences and Nanotechnology. Gaining the potency of nanotechnology, HTCG working group on Nanotechnology is formed to ease seamless flow of cognition between both the states and joint development undertakings affecting industries. The Confederation of Indian Industry ( CII ) has put together a 10-point action program to authorise Indian industry to come out with commercial nanotechnology merchandises, which it believes will drive the hereafter of industry worldwide. The action program includes awareness creative activity, preparation and accomplishments development, engineering facilitation and networking and easing collaborative undertakings. The Nano Science and Technology Consortium works to make a platform conducive for the growing, publicity and partnering in the field of Nano Science and Technology taking together industries, faculty members and authorities through consultative, consultative and educative procedures which will supply growing platform for organisations, faculty members and authoritiess for tackling the Nano potency at Global degree. Companies like Samsung have already entered the Indian market with a scope of merchandises utilizing nanotechnology such as icebox, rinsing machine and air-cooler. Samsung uses nano-silver in assorted composings in its merchandise scope. Further, companies like Tata Steel, Tata Chemicals, Mahindra & A ; Mahindra, Nicholas Piramal and Intel have invested around $ 250 million in the domestic market towards this terminal. Yash Nanotech has inked understandings with IIT Mumbai, NCL Pune and the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre of Advanced Research, Bangalore, to set about planetary contract research and set up nanotech fabrication installations. Civil Applications. These can be grouped under four caputs, viz. , sensing, including imagination, detectors and detector webs for the sensing of pathogens and chemicals ; protection, including decontamination equipment and filters, and personal protection ; designation, including anti-counterfeiting and hallmark, forensics, quantum cryptanalysis and the market for forgery and gray goods ; social impacts, including current regulative and ethical models, possible impacts on moralss and human rights, and public perceptual experience. Application in the field of medical specialty is one of the most absorbing countries that include new malignant neoplastic disease therapies, drug bringing systems, and biomaterials for implants or prosthetic device or diagnostic tools, which are under development or already in market. An of import country of application of nanotechnology includes fresh drug bringing techniques, which are quicker & A ; less hazardous, compared to the costs of developing new drugs. Military Applications. These besides flow out from civil applications in countries like ; higher public presentation platforms ( aircraft, ships, bombers, boats and orbiters ) , enhanced feeling through more sensitive and selective detectors, enhanced human public presentation, information laterality through enhanced information engineering, improved battleground casualty direction, lower life rhythm costs with improved stuffs, coatings, and condition-based care etc. Stake holders. The assorted interest holders include ; authoritiess, Industry, Entrepreneurs, R & A ; D, Institutions, Academic Research Institutions, and Society. Case Studies. These can be subdivided into those which pertain to PSUs, R & A ; D constitutions and Defense and the private sector endeavors. The private sector industries which can be studied for dialogues ensuing in assorted types of partnerships/JVs/MOUs/TOTs etc. are listed below: – Measuring devices & A ; equipments: Bharat Heavy Electrical Ltd, Icon Analytical equipment. Ltd. , Veeco.Health Care: Dabur Research Foundation, Bharat Biotech International Ltd. , Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. Materials processing: Tata Chemicals, Pune. Reliance India Limited. Car: Mahindra & A ; Mahindra, Tata Motors, United Nanotechnologies Pvt. Ltd. Electronics: Bharat Electronics Ltd, SemIndia Systems, Samtel India.